Though the BRICS nations tend to prioritise economically motivated interests, such as international payments, agricultural cooperation and energy collaboration, climate recurrently emerged as a key theme in preparatory talks and the Summits’ final declarations.

Despite the varied importance assigned to climate issues among member states – ranging from a lower priority in Russia to a higher priority in Brazil – the BRICS nations have increasingly engaged in climate discussions. This interest is fuelled by several factors, including apprehensions regarding protectionist measures, such as the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), as well as the potential for a collaborative carbon market. Additionally, the climate agenda remains a relatively non-contentious area for international dialogue, free from the sanctions typically associated with other geopolitical issues.

Nonetheless, while these elements are significant, they do not equate to establishing a cohesive BRICS climate policy. The outcomes from BRICS climate discussions should be interpreted as contributing to a shared agenda rather than a unified policy.

For more implications for the Climate Track within the BRICS Agenda, see our memo below.